Perspectives on Humanities

I recollect a kid named Alexander, a kid who ended up being my most noteworthy buddy. I will legitimize my master’s life to be the most profitable one, in spite of the fact that demise tagged along at an early age of 33 he had arrived at what he needed in his life and he had outperformed all the fights that went along his way. My master’s life was not a common life, he was the fate of what he is a result of his difficult work, devotion, shrewdness and his will. He was a man of respect and incredible fortitude.  Let me disclose to you how Alexander and I met and became confidant. Alexander was only a little fellow at the youthful age of twelve when I was brought to his dad first for the expense of thirteen talents.I was a wild youthful stud at that point yet Alexander was savvy enough to realize for what reason am I not quiet with my rider, he sufficiently examined me, conversed with me delicately and rode me into the sun so I would not have the option to see my own sh adow; seeing my own shadow made me be modest. Alexander named me Bucephalus or Oxhead, he claimed there and then. In the beginning of my years he was my coach, he showed me how to be intense and sufficient for any fights that was in front of us. He prepared me how to be a steed that is deserving of being known as a wondrous one. He was my defender during fights; he gave his strength during those occasions and gave what I need to provide for ensure him too. It was a superb life I had with him, I gave everything that I have for he was my lord and I owe everything to him.As a little fellow, Alexander figured out how to separate himself from the shadow of his dad. Alexander and I grew up together, to state reality; we resembled of the equivalent age.â What King Phillip and Alexander had was a serious relationship; he adored her mom so much however. Along these lines, he patches his own particular manners to have the option to outperform what his dad had reached and to have the optio n to gladly say that he is Alexander the incomparable conqueror.We have ventured to the far corners of the planet together, seen the magnificence of every single track of land we lay our foot upon, and I have been his accessory when he figured out how to vanquish the world and fabricated his relentless domain. Alexander has figured out how to get things done in his own particular manner in any event, when he was as yet a youngster. I was one of the picked rare sorts of people who have perceived how he had figured out how to administer the world not on the grounds that he was a relative of the King of Macedonia, King Phillip but since he was Alexander, an extraordinary warrior. I have been an observer to what Alexander had done; I was an observer to his significance in the combat zone. I was there with him, I’ve seen him do things the keen way or what have become to individuals the Great way. Alexander was consistently an intense pioneer; he had figured out how to show this during our eager fights that we have both experienced. His troop were consistently there to help him at whatever point he required them, his kin demonstrated faithfulness to him and he demonstrated his dedication to them too. Despite the fact that Alexander was difficult for the combat zone he was not as hard with regards to me. He demonstrated me the affection that I required; he never pushed me as far as possible. Alexander would consistently know at whatever point I need stroke and he would consistently offer it to me.To my relentless lord, Alexander the incomparable, I salute him for the numerous things he had educated me. I wouldn’t have been who I am if not a result of him. I thank you Alexander, my companion, for I had the chance to be with you on your last fight. Life wouldn’t be this important for me in the event that you were not my lord, and for that I am grateful. I was fortunate to be there with you during your last battle.To my coach, companion, buddy and ace, Alexander, thank you and Goodbye. May the product of your difficulties be perceived by the entire Universe, may your legend be told later on ages of human race, and may your name become undying and perpetually living in the hearts of your kin (â€Å"The Confessions of Alexander the Great: 33 Lessons in Greatness,†).References The Confessions of Alexander the Great: 33 Lessons in Greatness [Electronic Version] from http://www.watchmojo.com/occasions/history/alexander_the_great/intro_history_is_subjective.htm.

Criminology Zones Essay Example For Students

Criminology Zones Essay Vince Zwilling Criminology 1:00 T/R Teacher Corbin Wrongdoing Zones and Reasoning (Poverty, Race, Social Class) Humanism is a part of the sociologies that endeavors to assist us with getting society and how individuals associate. Similarly as with numerous other sociologies, human science utilizes hypotheses to help comprehend why individuals settle on specific choices. Hypotheses that assist us with clarifying cultural patterns are generally portioned so as to precisely inspect the particular elements of various segments of society. Networks, organizations, sex, race and populace are a couple of mainstream instances of normal divisions used in social hypotheses. Social structure speculations, additionally called social change hypotheses endeavor to dissect the main impetuses that change society. Sociologists who study social change utilize the investigation of both criminology and humanism to reach determinations about criminal conduct. The overall conviction of criminology hypothesis is that sure social structures bolster freak conduct. The three fundamental parts of social structure speculations are the social confusion hypothesis, the social strain hypothesis and the social abnormality hypothesis. How well have social structure hypotheses clarified reprobate conduct in the public arena? In this paper, the significant social auxiliary speculations will be characterized and broke down. Social Disorganization Theory: Concentric Zone Theory The Centric Zone Theory was proposed by Shaw, and inspected capture rates in Chicago. It was during these years outsiders living in the downtown start to move to the edges of the city. The motivation behind their investigation was to close if wrongdoing was brought about by specific settler gatherings or by the earth wherein foreigners lived. Park and Burgess embraced the first concentric zone hypothesis, and which isolated Chicago into 5 particular zones. Which were: 1. Focal Business District 2. Transitional Zone 3. Average workers Zone 4. Private Zone 5. Worker Zone The investigation delighted that capture rates reliably stayed high for Zone 2, the transitional zone. They at last inferred that misconduct rates are connected with natural condition in which an individual or gathering stays. Social Ecology Theory This hypothesis depends on the dispute that change is normal. Further, this hypothesis proposes that when a region is attacked, rivalry emits and rivalry prompts disruption, which can start abnormality. This hypothesis can't help contradicting the social disruption hypothesis, since the hypothesis introduced by Shaw and McKay sums up information to make ends on an individual premise. Be that as it may, the social biological hypothesis tries to clarify the horror rates in urban zones dependent on singular conditions. Strain Theories The strain hypothesis hypothesizes that when guideline is lacking social issues emerge. Anomie Theory states people who come up short on the vehicles to assist them with understanding their goals in the long run become baffled and may at last turn towards an existence of wrongdoing. There are two fundamental sorts of strain. Auxiliary strain is the technique that inappropriate law requirement makes an individual view their necessities. Singular strain is the weight that individuals feel while looking to meet their own wants. General Strain Theory The fundamental spotlight is on characterizing the sorts of strain. Agnew recognizes the estimations of strain, the significant kinds of strain, the connections among strain and wrongdoing, adapting methodologies for strain just as the determinants of reprobate conduct. The General Strain hypothesis manages the passionate part of criminal conduct. Social Deviance Theory Where social authoritative hypothesis centers around conditions in the earth what's more, strain hypothesis focuses on the contention among objectives and means, social aberrance hypothesis consolidates the two ways of thinking. Mill operators Focal Concern Theory Recognizes the basic beliefs of lower-class culture and their relationship to wrongdoing. Fundamental beliefs are characterized as: inconvenience, sturdiness, fervor, destiny, brilliance and independence. .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .postImageUrl , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:hover , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:visited , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:active { border:0!important; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:active , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:hover { darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u76d0716c9029057 a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Insects Essay Summary These qualities may prompt an existence of wrongdoing since they are at chances with the estimations of the prevalent culture. Both the social complication and social environment hypotheses endeavor to clarify why certain gatherings have a higher wrongdoing rate than others. In spite of the fact that these ends do firmly take after patterns in wrongdoing rates among downtown occupants today. The essential issue is the presence of multicollinearity (where a straight relationship exists among the logical factors) since a portion of the information, for example, packing and unacceptable lodging are profoundly connected with each other. Such information defects may antagonistically influence the precision of the hypothesis. The strain hypotheses express the discontent of Americans who neglect to accomplish the American dream. Violations submitted by salaried, white collar class .

6-Minute On-the-Road Minimalist Workouts

6-Minute On-the-Road Minimalist Workouts We all know what comprises the fundament of good health: diet and exercise. Yet its easy to make excuses; its especially easy to be complacentâ€"to let yourself goâ€"when youre traveling. We realized this before we embarked on our long  tour, so instead of acquiescing to slothful laziness, we contacted our good friend, personal-fitness trainer Vic Magary, and asked him to construct a simple, effective workout plan for our time on the road. Heres what he came up with, including video links. Now all you need is a pull-up bar and an open mind. (Its worth noting that this workout regime  is working so well for us that we intend to continue using it even when were back home.) Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays Push-ups. Complete maximum repetitions with good form. Repeat for three sets with approximately one-minute rests between sets.  (Video.) Pull-ups. Complete maximum repetitions with good form. Repeat for three sets with approximately one-minute rests between sets. If you cant yet perform a pull-up, hang with your chin above the bar for as long as you can, and then lower yourself from the bar slowly and repeat. (Video.) Tuesdays Bodyweight Squats. Complete maximum repetitions with good form. Repeat for two sets with one-minute rests between sets. Stop at 50 reps per set, even if you feel like you can do more. (Video.) Squat Jumps. Complete maximum repetitions with good form.  Repeat for two sets with one-minute rests between sets. Stop at 30 reps per set, even if you feel like you can do more.  (Video.) Thursdays Forward Lunges. Complete maximum repetitions with good form. Repeat for two sets with one-minute rests between sets. Stop at 30 reps per leg per set, even if you feel like you can do more. (Video.) Lunge Jumps. Complete maximum repetitions with good form. Repeat for two sets with one-minute rests between sets. Stop at 20 reps per leg per set, even if you feel like you can do more. (Video.) Saturdays Burpees.  Set a timer for six minutes. Do as many burpees as possible during that time frame (video). If burpees are crushing you, then use the baby burpee (video). You can rest as needed during that time, but get back to work as soon as possible. Record the completed number of repetitions. Sundays Rest. Yepâ€"thats it. If any aspect is too difficult or too easy,  adjust accordingly. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Dr. Martin Luther King s Leadership - 875 Words

Introduction The word leadership brings to mind a variety of thought processes. It evokes memories of some of the great leaders of the past. Sir Winston Churchill who led the British people admirably with great fortitude against the Nazi onslaught. George Washington who fought against the British colonial empire for independence of the Americans. Abraham Lincoln who fought for abolition of slavery and human bondage. Dr. Martin Luther King who fought for equal civil rights for his people. Nelson Mandela who fought courageously for abolition of Apartheid. Mahatma Gandhi who through his unconventional methods of peace, non- cooperation and non- violence forced the British to grant independence to India. All these men exemplified key leadership skills in performing their duties and at the same time achieved success in their endeavors. Concept of Leadership According to Sharma Jain (2013), â€Å"Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish the objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and purposeful† (Para 5, pp. 310). Leadership is common in all living beings. In all spheres of life some form of leadership exists i.e. in politics, social groups and the corporate world. Leadership skills are influenced by values, beliefs, ethics and character (Para 6, Sharma Jain, 2013). There is a difference between the functions of management and a leader. Management generates order within the organization through processes,Show MoreRelatedDr. Martin Luther King s Leadership Essay2136 Words   |  9 PagesBACKGROUND 3 Bus Boycott in Montgomery 4 LEADERSHIP STYLE 5 King’s Leadership type 5 King’s Leadership Models 5 INFLUENCE IN THE ARTS 6 CONCLUSION 7 REFERENCES 8 INTRODUCTION Only a few of many leaders in history have been known as being great and living by example, as their actions and accomplishments have positively affected their intimate society or even the world. Dr. Martin Luther King in my opinion is one of these few leaders. Martin Luther King’s addition to history has putRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Analysis1617 Words   |  7 Pages1960’s faced solely due to the melanin in their skin (King 2). Among these African Americans was the reverend, doctor, humanist, husband, and Civil Rights activist, Mr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. King was a middle class, black man with a life-long devotion of implementing ethnic equality to African Americans nationwide. Following one of Rev. King’s peaceful protests in Birmingham, Alabama, he was jailed on accounts of â€Å"parading without a permit† (King 3). While in jail, Martin Luther King, JrRead MoreCourage and Moral Leadership1727 Words   |  7 PagesCourage and Moral Leadership 5/16/14 Dr. Alvin Lee Strayer University Analyze the qualities that mirror courage and moral leadership in the leader, and document those qualities (moral traits) as discussed by Daft (2010) (Chapter 6: Courage and Moral Leadership). Martin Luther King, Jr. was the mirror image of a moral and courageous leader. Dr. King upheld his morality principles as well as set examples for his followers. 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Martin Luther King Jr. chose to resolve the issues by using non-violence to create equality amongst all races to accomplish the goal. Malcolm X also wanted to decrease discrimination and get of segregation but by using another tactic to successfully accomplish the similar goal. The backgrounds of both men wereRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesWhy was Martin Luther King Jr. such an inspiration to African Americans in America? Martin Luther King Jr. was an American minister, Civil Rights leader, and activist who had a strong belief in nonviolent protests (history.com; Martin Luther King Jr.). He was the leader behind the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington which were eventually effective and a law was passed to end racial discrimination (history.com; Martin Luther King Jr.). 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Historic figures such as Rosa Parks, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr. all acted civilly disobedience, but society benefitted from their movements. Civil disobedience is the underlying theme of Sophocles’ Antigone and Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter From Birmingham Jail. The main character of Sophocles’ Antigone, Antigone, acts civil disobedience, just as Dr. King acted civilly disobedient. Both Antigone and Martin Luther King Jr. fought to gain justice for the people who they believed

What Other Variables Contribute And The Composition Of...

What other variables contribute to the composition of racist ideology? There are four fundamental constituents: geographical location, educational attainment, age, and gender. First, the geographical location determines a lot on what type of socialization one experiences and it interconnects with every other aforementioned variables. Take southern states of the United States as an example. The southern states, being the former Confederate states, hold a violent history of racial superiority of Blacks by whites. They have a pre-existing historical framework of disapproving any shape of integration, which lasted over hundred years (Kuklinski, Cobb, Gilens, 1997). This creates a huge regional disparity between nonsoutherners and southerners in terms of cultural value, demographic pattern, and political view. The southern states’ demographic have increasingly become more white-dominated as Blacks migrated upward to the northern states (Campbell, 2010). Reinforcing southerners†™ collective white social identities. The southern culture is characterized around rigidity and radical conservatism (Kuklinski et al., 1997). As until today, Confederate Flag is utilized as their identity marker. According to James H. Kuklinski, the omnipresent racial bias in the South is an idiosyncratically southern phenomenon that is not merely an outcome of the mixture of individuals who reside there. Contemporary southern whites exercise alternative sources of expression of resentShow MoreRelatedRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 Pagesposts 5.7.3 Limited political participation 49 52 53 54 54 57 58 58 59 60 60 61 61 62 64 66 66 66 67 68 6 Demands of Indigenous Peoples and Afro-descendents 70 7 Evaluation of actions adopted by the State and other actors to combat racism in Nicaragua 7.1 Institutionalization of autonomy 7.2 Defending and protecting human rights 7.3 Strengthening regional institutions 7.4 Defending territorial rights 7.5 Implementing bilingual intercultural education 7Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesChennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sà £o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Copyright  © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 PagesTHE ROLE OF LAW (Tipson) Goal Clarification: What is National Security? -National Security - Possible Definitions (Difficult to define) -Safety from foreign coercion or intimidation -UN Charter Article 2(4) - prohibition against â€Å"the threat or use of force against the political independence or territorial integrity of any state† Analytical Tasks: How Americans Think About National Security -Identifying Values: What is at Stake? (What are we trying to protect) -Territory -TraditionalRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pageshave been chosen (or speciï ¬ cally written) to provide readers with a core of cases which, together, cover most of the main issues in the text. As such, they should provide a useful backbone to a programme of study but could sensibly be supplemented by other material. We have provided a mixture of longer and shorter cases to increase the ï ¬â€šexibility for teachers. Combined with the illustrations and the short case examples at the end of each chapter (in both versions of the book) this increases the reader’s

The Truest Test Of Love - 2300 Words

It seems to me that the truest test of love is true hatred. Hatred experienced both by as an emotion of the one that loves and the experience of being hated itself. If this is the case, it quickly becomes clear that much of the way the word is currently used is little better than trash. It has become a buzzword, a vague sense that certain types of people ought to receive a certain level of acceptance while others can be comfortably denied our amorphous feeling of good will. It has lost the power it is due, the power that it carried when the LORD declared You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might (Deuteronomy 6:5) or when Christ tells us love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you (Matthew 5:44). This love is not a vague sense of social inclusion, but rather an orientation of the whole self away from my own ego and toward something outside of myself. It has little to do with acceptance and more to do with how we posi tion ourselves toward even those we find to be morally objectionable. Love, when thought of in such a sense, can legitimately be used as a basis for a moral choice, and a person s position can be objected to on the grounds that it fails to love. When used in the vague amorphous sense one can legitimately respond Who ought I to love? By which is meant who ought I to have a vague feeling of good will toward and accept their behavior as correct. When seen in the larger sense the questionShow MoreRelatedReading Log From Cold Blood Essay718 Words   |  3 Pagesbut she doesn’t answer. Susan gets worried and she and her friend go by the house and discover the bodies. The call the police and the police are shocked by the call. Bobby Rupp, Nancy’s boyfriend, is the first suspect, but he passes the lie detector test and is let go. An investigation is put into action by Alvin Dewey, who thinks the killers must be close to the family to have such a grudge to murder them. While t he investigation is taking place, Dick and Perry are in Olathe, Dick’s hometown. DickRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s As You Like It1270 Words   |  6 Pagescan be seen that love is a life and personality altering element for each character. Love is the main theme of this play as it can be seen that all characters are changed by love. In this one piece by William Shakespeare, many different forms different forms of love can be seen. There is brotherly love, love in loyalty, lust, friendship, and even the expected form of romantic love. There are three main couples we see change and development due to their interactions with love, Rosalind and OrlandoRead MoreEducational Philosophy : Traditional And Progressive Style1324 Words   |  6 Pagesfor life and that knowledge will be obtained through practice of exams, lectures, and memorization. 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System Science And Engineering Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The System Science And Engineering Management? Answer: Introduction Brisbane Airport is among the biggest and busiest airports within Australia. It first opened in 1988 and since then, it provides services to millions of passengers every year. However, with continuous operations and rise in the number of passengers, the airport has slowly becoming degraded and less efficient. Hence, a technical upgradation was needed for a long time. In 2014, the Brisbane Airport Commission implemented the Brisbane Airport Master Plan in order do a complete renovation of the Brisbane Airport by upgrading all its technical features. The Brisbane Airport Corporation (BAC) has some clear visions for the prospect of the airports and its improvement. The Master Plan of Brisbane Airports 2014 would implement all these visions of BAC and yield an Airport for that implies forecasting requests of improvement and a solid representation of growth in between 2014 and 2034. It is delivered at regular intervals as a major aspect of a statutory prerequisite, while likewise going ab out as a critical channel of data about the development of the airport to industry, government, business and neighborhood more extensive community. The development scheme includes the $1 billion of investment that BAC had used and the $2.5 billion that will be put as resources into flying and non-avionics foundation and administrations throughout the following decade. BAC has arranged four Master Plans since taking responsibility for airport in 1997. The Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan mirrors BAC's sense of duty regarding maintainability over all parts of the airport's operation. Each activity and activity depends on, and measured by, an arrangement of particular improvement goals intended to accomplish adjust crosswise over social, operational, natural and economic aspects. Needs Definition In order to define the needs of the project, four specific factors are to be defined regarding the project. These factors are as follows. Economic Sustainability The Brisbane Airport has been built in Queensland and it has seen huge number of footfalls on daily basis. BAC is focused on proceeding with its reputation of building framework for the future and conveying solid money related outcomes (Buxton Chandu 2016). In doing as such, Brisbane Airport will keep on supporting more extensive economic improvement and employments development for Queensland, Brisbane, and Australia. The pathways for conveying solid money related development BAC receives incorporate particular and convenient advancement, differing income streams and productive utilization of budgetary and operational assets. Environmental Sustainability The main foundation of the Brisbane Airport Commission is the Brisbane Airport and it implies the operational and advancement developed by Brisbane Airport Commission for the operations. The amplification of the water, energy, and waste efficiencies while overlooking the impact of the issues and other problems. The maintenance of the objectives would help in adjusting the assembled conditions. The simplifying of the biodiversities would form the esteemed and highly accomplished practices for the best of the urban and fictitious planning development. Operational Sustainability The safe and secured functions of the airport is a primary concern for the project and it would require the formation of the supplementary objectives and the requirement of the aviation industry development. The Brisbane Airport is one of the busiest centres used for the conveyance of the people. The business development and the implication of the advanced processes for the airport are being developed with the help of the primary resources. The use of the basic resources would help in guaranteeing the development of the airport operations. Brisbane Airport Commission has been keen to extend the airport for forming the benefit of conveyance at the airport and the terminals. Social Sustainability Brisbane Airport Commission are in charge of the operations of the Brisbane Airport and their operations is primarily focus on the development and the support for the manufacturing of the improved functions at Brisbane Airport. The development of the Brisbane airport would involve the empowerment of the successive modification and implementation. The exhibition of the project would help in simplifying the deployment of the process. The Brisbane Airport Corporation (BAC) has some clear visions for the prospect of the airports and its improvement. The Master Plan of Brisbane Airports 2014 would implement all these visions of BAC and yield an Airport for that implies forecasting requests of improvement and a solid representation of growth in between 2014 and 2034 (Thomas Scott 2016). BAC has arranged 4 Master Plans while taking responsibility for airport in 1997. The Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan mirrors BAC's sense of duty regarding maintainability over all parts of the airport's operation. The Brisbane Airport has been built in Queensland and it has seen huge number of footfalls on daily basis. The main foundation of the Brisbane Airport Commission is the Brisbane Airport and it implies the operational and advancement developed by Brisbane Airport Commission for the operations. The simplifying of the biodiversities would form the esteemed and highly accomplished practices for the best of the urban and ficti tious planning development. The safe and secured functions of the airport are a primary concern for the project and it would require the formation of the supplementary objectives and the requirement of the aviation industry development. The Brisbane Airport is one of the busiest centres used for the conveyance of the people (Glasby et al. 2015). The use of the basic resources would help in guaranteeing the development of the airport operations. Brisbane Airport Commission has been keen to extend the airport for forming the benefit of conveyance at the airport and the terminals. The development of the Brisbane airport would involve the empowerment of the successive modification and implementation. The exhibition of the project would help in simplifying the deployment of the process. Conceptual Design There are three different plans for the authority that are divided into medium term, short term, and long term plans. These short term plans for the project are as follows. Progress on the NPR development Requirement for constructing one more fire station at Airport North Additional fast leave runway with the current primary runway Implementing upgrades and some new terminals at the airport facilities Airside transporting facilities Development of levelled staff parking till the Central Parking Area The development of a lodging and business focus in Airport Central Domestic Administration structures at Airport Central International Aviation facilities and aviation bolster facilities Additional and overhauled auto parking Improvements to encompassing streets, new dynamic transport and open transport facilities Business, industry and business improvements Additional air ship support, office facilities and extended runway systems in Airport East Construction of extra cargo dealing with limit Utility updates Improvements required to encourage medium-term development of the project and business and industry development are relied upon to incorporate: Ongoing work and charging of the NPR Further terminal, cook's garment and air ship parking bay development Remote terminal facilities Mass travel system connecting airport locales Upgrades to encompassing street arrange Taxiway work Expansion of the cycle and walker pathway arrange and related facilities Expansion of auto parking facilities Construction of extra cargo and upkeep facilities Further business, industry and business advancement Additional aviation bolster facilities Utility redesigns. Improvements required to encourage long term development of the project and business and industry development are relied upon to incorporate: Further terminal, cook's garment and flying machine parking bay extension Remote terminal facilities Further runway interface improvement to get to extra shelters in Airport East and Airport North Airside mass travel system Upgrades to encompassing street organize Ground transport exchange associated with the mass travel system Further improvement of the Central Parking Area Cycle and person on foot ways Construction of extra cargo and support facilities Further business, industry and business improvement Additional aviation bolster facilities Utility redesigns. The control system of Brisbane Airport requires the use of the exhaustive EMS or Environmental Management System. The Brisbane Airport Commission has incorporated the EMS and it had resulted in keeping the deployment of the Airport consistent with the systems of the Australian Operations. The systematic implementation of the EMS with the objectives of Brisbane Airport Commission would help in achieving the aspects of the airport operations. The attenuation of the world class EMS would help in achieving the developed sustainability and environmental friendly operations for Brisbane Airport (Sieverts, 2014). The reports of Airport Acts have explained that the AES had shaped the development of the master plan for Brisbane Airports. The development of EMS and its deployment of Brisbane Airport Commission had distinguished the risk analysis and it had formed the operations of overseeing the dangers by developing effective plan of action (Bridges Gudgin, 2014). The AES would exclude the c ontamination of the air and noise due to the machine flying and isolated enhancements. Discussion and Analysis Resources Analysis The following table shows the proposed 5 year property expansion plan as follows. Estate Zoning Proposed Utilization Estimated GFA (km2) Proposed Expenses (hundred thousand AUD$) Airport Industrial Park/Airport South Mixed Utilization Office, animal keeping, and warehouse, 110.80 1.12 Da Vinci/Airport South Mixed Utilization Aircraft maintenance facility, office, aviation education facility, warehouse, and carpark 30.96 0.3 Export Park/Airport South Mixed Utilization, Industry Warehouse, telecommunications, Office, food outlet, car park, and beverage outlet 105.76 1.04 Airport East Industry Aircraft maintenance facility, Office, and carpark 7.30 0.1 Skygate/Airport Central Major Centre public transport facility and administration building Event entertainment facility, office, car park, shop, food and beverage, and wholesale supplies outlet, 63.75 2.0 Airport Drive West/Airport Central Mixed Utilization, Special Purpose Airport Showroom and shop of Service station 13.78 0.35 DomesticT2/Airport Central Special Purpose Airport Public administration building, Offices, Hotel, and motel 29.30 0.7 International T1/Airport Central Special Purpose Airport, Mixed Utilization Car Park, Public administration building, aviation support facility and office 2.57 0.09 Central Parking Area/Airport West Mixed Utilization Utility Installation and Car park 0.3 0.35 Airport North Special Purpose Airport Aviation support facility and Aviation activity, 5.08 0.1 Moreton Drive West/Airport Central Mixed Utilization NIL NIL Time Schedule and Milestones The time schedule and milestones of the project are shown in the following table, Task Name Duration Start Finish Brisbane Airport Development Project 247 days Mon 10/2/17 Tue 9/11/18 Project Planning Phase 113 days Mon 10/2/17 Wed 3/7/18 Meeting between related authorities 15 days Mon 10/2/17 Fri 10/20/17 Preparation of the development plan 30 days Mon 10/23/17 Fri 12/1/17 Analysis of the proposed project 15 days Mon 12/4/17 Fri 12/22/17 Risk Analysis and Survey 10 days Mon 12/25/17 Fri 1/5/18 Meeting with government officials 5 days Mon 1/8/18 Fri 1/12/18 Development of final project plan 20 days Mon 1/15/18 Fri 2/9/18 Development of time schedule 10 days Mon 2/12/18 Fri 2/23/18 Development of project budget 5 days Mon 2/26/18 Fri 3/2/18 Verification of the Project Plan 2 days Mon 3/5/18 Tue 3/6/18 Project Plan Approval 1 day Wed 3/7/18 Wed 3/7/18 Project Initiation Phase 97 days Thu 3/8/18 Fri 7/20/18 Analysis of existing conditions of the airport 30 days Thu 3/8/18 Wed 4/18/18 Collection of data 5 days Thu 4/19/18 Wed 4/25/18 Final noting of further requirements 3 days Thu 4/26/18 Mon 4/30/18 Testing the existing technical components of the airport 3 days Tue 5/1/18 Thu 5/3/18 Proposal of suitable technical upgrades 6 days Fri 5/4/18 Fri 5/11/18 Procurement of project budget 15 days Mon 5/14/18 Fri 6/1/18 Appointment of stakeholders 5 days Mon 6/4/18 Fri 6/8/18 Allocation of budget 10 days Mon 6/11/18 Fri 6/22/18 Project Execution as per the plan 20 days Mon 6/25/18 Fri 7/20/18 Project Completion Phase 29 days Mon 7/23/18 Thu 8/30/18 Preparation of Project Report 10 days Mon 7/23/18 Fri 8/3/18 Project Evaluation 5 days Mon 8/6/18 Fri 8/10/18 Testing the final technical upgrades 5 days Mon 8/13/18 Fri 8/17/18 Development of usage guidelines 5 days Mon 8/20/18 Fri 8/24/18 Approval of the Project Report 4 days Mon 8/27/18 Thu 8/30/18 Project Sign Off 8 days Fri 8/31/18 Tue 9/11/18 Closure of the Project 2 days Fri 8/31/18 Mon 9/3/18 Project Appraisal 5 days Tue 9/4/18 Mon 9/10/18 Sign off 1 day Tue 9/11/18 Tue 9/11/18 Accordingly, the Gantt chart and WBS are as follows. Figure 1: Project Gantt Chart (Source: Created by Author) Figure 2: Project WBS (Source: Created by Author) Conclusion Brisbane Airport is among the biggest and busiest airports in Australia. It first opened in 1988 and since then, it provides services to millions of passengers every year. However, with continuous operations and rise in the number of passengers, the airport has slowly becoming degraded and less efficient. Hence, a technical up gradation was needed for a long time. In this report, the proposed projects for technical upgrades have been presented in this report. References Aldred, J., Day, J. Glasby, T., GEOPOLYMER CONCRETENO LONGER LABCRETE! Bridges, C. Gudgin, J., 2014. A soil-nailed excavation for the Brisbane Airport Link project, Australia.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering,167(2), pp.205-216. Buxton, M. Chandu, A., 2016. When growth collides: conflict between urban and airport growth in Melbourne, Australia.Australian Planner,53(4), pp.310-320. Chi, S., Bunker, J.M. Kajewski, S.L., 2016. Comparative case study on cost-benefit analysis for toll road projects. Eves, C. Blake, A., 2016. The impact of aircraft noise and complaints on Brisbane residential property performance. Glasby, T., Day, J., Genrich, R. Aldred, J., 2015, September. EFC geopolymer concrete aircraft pavements at Brisbane West Wellcamp Airport. InConcrete Institute of Australia Conference, 27th. Kuyt, J., 2015.Observed loading behavior during cross passage construction for Brisbane Airport Link project. Colorado School of Mines. Lohmann, G., Trischler, J. 2017. Licence to build, licence to charge? Market power, pricing and the financing of airport infrastructure development in Australia.Transport Policy,59, 28-37. McRae, M., Villeneuve, M., Trim, M., Sun, Y., Barraclough, P., Spiegl, A., Amon, A., Lagger, H. Coombes, I., 2014. Brisbane Airport Link Project: Design and construction of the 26m span Kedron Cavernscomparing monitoring data with the design. Rahman, M.M., Yeganeh, B., Clifford, S., Knibbs, L.D. Morawska, L., 2017. Development of a land use regression model for daily NO 2 and NO x concentrations in the Brisbane metropolitan area, Australia.Environmental Modelling Software,95, pp.168-179. Regan, M., Smith, J. Love, E.D., 2015. Project Finance for Public-Private Partnerships: Evidence from Australia. InProceedings of the 2ne International Conference on Public-Private Partnerships, Austin, Texas, USA. Searle, G., Darchen, S. Huston, S., 2014. Positive and negative factors for transit oriented development: Case studies from Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.Urban policy and research,32(4), pp.437-457. Sieverts, T., 2014. 14 Airport, cities and the globe.Airports, Cities and Regions, p.282. Swanson, H. Robbins, P., 2014. For more information.Indicator, p.15. Thomson, S. Scott, T., 2016. Brisbane International Airport retail upgrade.Artichoke, (56), p.102. Yang, D., Ameratunga, J., Dunstan, J. Shipway, I., 2015. Innovative design for drainage structure on deep soft ground.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering,168(6), pp.483-497.

Sabir Warsame Essays (247 words) - Emotions, Hope,

Sabir Warsame Mrs. Riddell ENG 3U-22 August 1, 2017 Jimmy Santiago Bacca's View on Oppression While reading this poem by Jimmy Santiago Baca I came across this fact that the author was trying to tell us to never lose hope and keep fighting for the things you want. The author used his own personal experiences to express this statement. The powerful words he used were such as strength, unshed tears, and remembering you're a human, puts Bacca in a situation were freedom is not option and in order to escape, he must have a positive mind and attitude. This first example was pointed forward using powerful words to express his pain and emotions. This second quote "look deep to find the grains of hope, strength, and sing, my brothers and sisters" mentioned to be strong and to always have hope. Looking back at this quote, I felt that the author was sending this message to someone that he loves or he's very close to. This last quote "fiery spears will count your years, as you start into the next year, endure my brothers, endure my sisters'', shows how you much he had encouragement in himself and the reader no matter how bad the situation is. This quote shows how you should always have a positive mind set and use this as a motivation to never give up. As much as you think many things can go wrong in a situation, there will always fade away and your worries be gone. In conclusion, this poem shows the true definition and art of oppression. Sabir Warsame Essays (247 words) - Emotions, Hope, Sabir Warsame Mrs. Riddell ENG 3U-22 August 1, 2017 Jimmy Santiago Bacca's View on Oppression While reading this poem by Jimmy Santiago Baca I came across this fact that the author was trying to tell us to never lose hope and keep fighting for the things you want. The author used his own personal experiences to express this statement. The powerful words he used were such as strength, unshed tears, and remembering you're a human, puts Bacca in a situation were freedom is not option and in order to escape, he must have a positive mind and attitude. This first example was pointed forward using powerful words to express his pain and emotions. This second quote "look deep to find the grains of hope, strength, and sing, my brothers and sisters" mentioned to be strong and to always have hope. Looking back at this quote, I felt that the author was sending this message to someone that he loves or he's very close to. This last quote "fiery spears will count your years, as you start into the next year, endure my brothers, endure my sisters'', shows how you much he had encouragement in himself and the reader no matter how bad the situation is. This quote shows how you should always have a positive mind set and use this as a motivation to never give up. As much as you think many things can go wrong in a situation, there will always fade away and your worries be gone. In conclusion, this poem shows the true definition and art of oppression.

How to Write a Devotional The Ultimate Guide

How to Write a Devotional The Ultimate Guide How to Write a Devotional: The Definitive Guide Do you enjoy writing? Are you passionate about helping others grow in their spiritual lives? If you answered yes and yes, then you’ll enjoy learning the art of writing thought-provoking devotionals. There are many, many ways to write a devotional. But the principles that tie them together? Mostly the same. And in this guide, I’ll lay out some of the most popular and effective methods- as well as show you some strategies for coming up with great devotional ideas. Ready? Let’s start with the basics: Need help fine-tuning your devotional?Click here to download my free self-editing checklist. Devotional books are released thematically for: Teens Men Women Grandparents College students Veterans Teachers Athletes And just about any other people group you can think of Devotionals are used by a wide variety of media, including large-circulation daily devotional guides, such as The Quiet Hour, The Upper Room, The Secret Place, The Word in Season, Devozine,Pathways to God, and Wesleyan Church(These links will take youto their submission guidelines.) More than 25 devotional quarterlies each publish 365 new entries each year. Naturally, these need fresh material annually. Publishers of vacation Bible school and Sunday school materials often include devotionals for teachers and students. Many independent and denominational magazines (such as The War Cry and The Baptist Bulletin) run devotionals in each of their issues. Some publishing houses produce not only devotional books, but also devotional desk calendars and greeting cards. Again, this market must be replenished annually. Publications can’t just recycle devotionals they ran the previous year. They depend on freelance writers to provide hundreds upon hundreds of fresh, insightful new ones. What You Should Bring to the Table Writers of devotionals should have a pure heart (James 3:8-11). With humility, graciousness, and spiritual sensitivity, you can create somethingthat can alter a reader’s thinking and behavior. You also need a focused mind (Ps. 1:1-3; 73:28). A succinct and powerful message must be distilled to 150-175 words. This demands clarity. And you must have a burning desire (Jeremiah 20:9). Ask for God’s guidance to say the right words to someone who may be reading a devotional published a year after you write it. God is the Alpha, but He is also the Omega. He knows what hurts and needs people will have in the future, and He can use you to prepare materials today to help people during hard times tomorrow. You won’t get rich writing devotionals. In fact, you may have to write a half dozen to see more than $100. That’s why it’s important to write them in batches to make it worth your while- not that you’re doing it solely for the money. You can revise and resell your print devotionals as radio devotionals for about the same rate of pay. And you can collect your devotionals and publish them as a book, receiving an advance and royalties. But beyond payment, you may also enjoy the deep gratification of readers telling you your words changed a mind about an abortion, a suicide, or a divorce. Meeting Readers Where They Are People turn to devotionals to meet deep needs. Some have lost friendships, been divorced, suffered from criticism, betrayal, or the death of a loved one. They need the balm of God’s comfort. Others seek intimacy with God. Their prayer lives are lax, their testimonies weak, and their church attendance sporadic. They need to find their way back to Jesus. Some just want to grow spiritually or to discover a better way to share their faith. Your devotional may be their only connection to the Bible all day. A harried mom may read one just before bed. A busy teacher may read one during lunch. An executive may read oneduring breakfast. The Writing Method When you settle on a passage of Scripture as your anchor text, read it in different translations. Pray and meditate over it until you’re certain you thoroughly understand the verse in context. Stay current by offering an illustration today’s reader can relate to. Link modern challenges and questions to longstanding solutions from God’s Word- and make the connections obvious and logical. Need help fine-tuning your devotional?Click here to download my free self-editing checklist. The Makings of a Good Devotional Your reader is giving you a few minutes, and in exchange you must provide an engaging piece of writing that offers new insights. Be genuine and honest, not grandiose or admonishing. Good devotional writing says, â€Å"Walk with me a few minutes. Examine something with me.† Keep your style appropriate to your audience. Writing devotionals for teens is not the same as writing for seniors. Although your anecdotes and illustrations should be drawn from your life, the lesson should always be drawn from Scripture. Present God’s wisdom in a package your reader can relate to. Stick with tangible images, things readers can see, touch, smell, hear, and taste. Be specific, yet precise. Make each word count. Use visual nouns, punchy verbs, short sentences, and the active voice. Five Basic Patterns Learn these and you can begin using them immediately: 1. The Self-examination Draw on personal experiences and use anecdotes to teach valuable lessons. Often such devotionals begin with: â€Å"When I was in high school †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"When I was fishing alone one morning †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"During my first year at camp †¦ .† The recollection always has a moral or application that ties in with the selected Scripture. 2. An Outside Observer Reports Here you’re telling what happened to someone else. Real names may be used with permission, or changed, as long as the story is true. Often these devotionals begin with a phrase such as: â€Å"When my great-grandmother first came to America †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"My best friend had just gotten his driver’s license †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Most people are unaware that George Washington †¦ .† 3. You Interact with Other People Report on something you learned from a friend, coworker, or family member. Begin with a phrase such as: â€Å"My son taught me a lesson one day when I was walking him to school †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"My friend could always make me laugh †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"One day my college history professor was explaining †¦ .† 4. The Object Lesson Use a tangible object to parallel an event or circumstance. Jesus often used this format, employing such things as a mustard seed, a Roman coin, a lamp and a bushel, or a tower as metaphors. Object lesson devotionals quickly make readers see the parallel between the object and the lesson. â€Å"Trees killed by saltwater brought in by a tsunami will still stand upright and take up space, but they will bear no fruit. People who come to church each Sunday and occupy a pew but do nothing all week to share their faith are like these trees.† 5. The Double Meaning Phrase Take a well-known line from advertising, history, a song, or a poem and convert it to a Christian message, as in â€Å"A day without Sonshine is a gloomy day.† One devotional writer compared the rigid discipline of being a United States Marine to the discipline Christians should adhere to, calling the devotional, â€Å"Corps Values vs. Core Values.† Developing a Devotional Journal Because much of what we observe and say has potential to become material for a devotional, keep a journal for ideas, thoughts, and feelings. Begin today by answering: Did God use a specific verse of Scripture to change your life? Hows did it affect your outlook? Has God brought a person into your life to alter your direction? Like Philip with the Ethiopian eunuch, how did someone suddenly enter your life as a teacher, friend, mentor, or accountability partner? When did God make Himself known to you in a dramatic way? Did you receive an answer to prayer regarding a health issue, financial need, or spiritual awakening that proved He was working in your life? Record the details. Had God ever reprimanded and brought you back in line when you were spiritually wayward? Explain how you felt God’s chastening and corrective hand. Did God use a deep hurt in your life to make you sensitive to others or to show you new ways to be effective to those you serve? In answering these questions, you’ll discover your life is a source of great lessons you can pass along. Brainstorming More Devotional Topics As you make entries in your devotional journal each day, try to recall: A sad or funny experience you’ve had in the past year Things you’ve learned while traveling Challenging relationships with people at work, home, or school Something you are an expert on An item in a newspaper or magazine that fascinated you An editorial or column you strongly disagreed with An unusual experience or new challenge you’ve recently faced An opinion based on years of experience Something startling or insightful you recently learned from TV or a book A new perspective you gained from a sermon Societal trends that concern you An event that restored your faith in mankind Something related to science, nature, weather, or time that stunned you A trip to a museum that awakened a new appreciation for nature A new job assignment that has stretched you A family picnic or class reunion that gave you a special perspective Letters or diaries you recently discovered A poem or song that keeps coming to mind Volunteer work that helped you see the suffering of others A friend’s sickness or accident that alarmed you Avoiding Blind Spots Although certain publications use devotionals targeted to teens, working women, or seniors, most devotionals you will write will be read by a broad spectrum. So keep in mind: People live in many different financial and social conditions. The distinctive beliefs of many denominations and theological traditions are precious to people and must be respected. Some readers have limited education. So keep things simple but not condescending. People in other countries may not understand your slang and pop culture references. It is usually better not to write devotionals that stir controversy. So avoid topics such as infant baptism, female ordination, or speaking in tongues. The Basic Format Before submitting a devotional, obtain a publication’s writers guidelines and copies of the publication itself. Follow the guidelines exactly. Your name, address, and phone number should appear on each page. But some publications also ask for your email address. The basic format calls for a suggested passage of Scripture (usually 5 to 12 verses), a title, one printed-out specific verse from the suggested reading, and an anecdote or story that shows how that biblical lesson applies today. The writer’s byline usually appears at the end. Some publications ask that you begin or end with a prayer or thought for the day. Length varies, from as short as 75 words to as long as 225. The guidelines will state the preferred method of submission. Some editors like printouts mailed to the publication’s office. Some like email submissions. Some accept either. Most publications buy first rights, important because you can then re-use your devotionals in books. Summary Writing devotionals is a good way to enter nonfiction writing, earn money, and make a positive impact on thousands of readers. Your experiences and those of others are rich sources for ideas. How to Get Started 1) List 20 emotional hurts people are dealing with (loneliness, depression, guilt, shame, abandonment, grief, prejudice, etc.). Then list what aspects of spiritual growth could come out of each such experience (learning to pray more effectively, learning to bring the Good News to others, cultivating humility, etc.). 2) Start a devotional journal. 3) Try writing a one-page devotional and submit it to one of the devotional markets listed in The Christian Writer’s Market Guide. You’re on your way! In the comments section, answer this: What will your next devotional be about? Need help fine-tuning your devotional?Click here to download my free self-editing checklist.

Chinas Unique International Relations Theory Essay

Chinas Unique International Relations Theory - Essay Example All this has also helped the country to become an independent power in the eyes of the rest of the world with time as well. The foreign or international policy of this country is the policy or theory by way of which it interacts with other nations and also the outlook that it has towards other nations around the world. According to many sources the international theory and policy of China has been said to be ‘highly influential’. The main objectives for the reason for the unique policy that it upholds with pride are to bring about independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity. Recent Chinese foreign policy makers may be seen to adhere to the realist rather than the liberal school of international relations theory. Thus, in sharp contrast to the Soviet Union and the United States, China has not been given off to advancing any higher international ideological interests such as world communism or world democracy since the Cold War; or in other words, its ideology appe ars to be secondary to advancing its national interest. China is also a vital member of many international organizations; with itself holding key positions like the permanent member on the UN Security Council and is also a leader in many areas such as non-proliferation, peacekeeping and resolving regional conflicts.... nese scholars began to think about theoretical studies of IR, and some of them emphasized the construction of an IR theory with Chinese characteristics. Recent Chinese foreign policy makers may be seen to adhere to the  realist  rather than the  liberal  school of  international relations  theory. Thus, in sharp contrast to the  Soviet Union  and the  United States, China has not been given off to advancing any higher international ideological interests such as world  communism  or world  democracy  since the  Cold War; or in other words, its ideology appears to be secondary to advancing its national interest. China is also a vital member of many  international organizations; with itself holding key positions like the permanent member on the  UN Security Council  and is also a leader in many areas such as  non-proliferation,  peacekeeping  and resolving regional conflicts. Since 1978 the international relations theory in China has developed to a great extent and the entire theory is based on the works of two parallel processes that are simultaneously trying to establish their superiority within the country, the two of them being; (Yaqing, Qin) 1. A tenacious learning process aimed at trying to acquire knowledge and along with it, generation. a) Learning and acquiring knowledge from countries situated in the West like the US, through which the international relations theory has slowly and gradually developed as an independent discipline within the country of China. b) Furthermore as discussed above, the result of this learning has led to the formation of different schools of thought which have given rise to thinking of Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism. c) All these different thought processes have also helped and led to the rise and growth in the national and

The impact of cultural differences on the hierarchy of a hotel Research Paper - 1

The impact of cultural differences on the hierarchy of a hotel - Research Paper Example Customers would think that quality service is being delivered to them if the employees can understand them better. Whether it is food, services, employee policies etc, the global requirements need to be considered in all operations. While cultural diversity and incorporating the trends of globalization is indispensable for the hotel industry, various cultural conflicts occur as a result of this cultural diversity. These misunderstandings are of various types and due to various reasons. Every culture has a different set of beliefs and norms and when people of different cultures come together and work, differences are bound to arise. These differences become more challenging in an industry where customers to be dealt with are also from different cultures and have different demands. While various inter-cultural challenges are faced, one such issue is the impact of cultural differences on the hierarchy of a hotel. People from poorer countries usually have lower positions and from the developed have higher positions. This creates a barrier amongst the higher and lower level employees and creates many problems regarding cultural differences as what one may think is right as part of their culture, the other might not. This study aims to determine the impact of cultural differences on the hierarchy of a hotel. The findings of this study would be very helpful in determining how the barrier between high and low-level employees can be reduced in the light of cultural differences. Cultural diversity if managed properly can help to increase organizational performance (Kemp & Dwyer, 2001). There are various levels in an organization where culture has an influence and where a higher degree of cultural awareness is essential (Roper & Brookes, 1997). This study would hence facilitate in understanding how this diversity can be managed in a batter way to become a pro rather than a con for a hotel. Finally, it would also aid in giving better understanding to hotel managements

Relationship Between Marketing Mix Elements

Relationship Between Marketing Mix Elements Business today is very competitive, any organizations are facing with many pressures: Changeable and unpredictable business environment, very fast change of technology, to be survival, developed and successful requires company have to move from a product and selling philosophy to a customer and marketing philosophy(Kotler et al., 2005). All companies try to gain the best of the customer satisfaction to maximize the profit because they believe that customer satisfaction is very important for the survival of any organization. Many research shows that consequences of customer satisfaction are numerous: Customer satisfaction leads to positive word-of-mouth (Anderson, 1998; Swan and Oliver, 1989; Hoyer and MacInnis, 2001)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦), customer satisfaction leads to customer retention (Curtis et al., 2012; Hennig, 1997; Kotler, 1994, p.20; Bitner, 1990), customer satisfaction leads to loyalty (Curtis et al., 2012; Singh, 2006), Customer leads to repurchase attention (Anton, 1996). The question for companies is how to enhance the customer satisfaction? Which factors impact on customer satisfaction and this relationship is negative or positive? To answer all these questions, companies will have the appropriate strategies for success. Many researches show that there are many factors that affect customer satisfaction. According to Hokanson (1995), these factors including friendly employees, courteous employees, knowledgeable employees, helpful employees, accuracy of billing, billing timeliness, competitive pricing, service quality, good value, billing clarity and quick service impact on customer satisfaction. It is obviously that all these factors belong to Marketing mix. Moreover Doyle also recommends that Most marketing professionals would answer that the right marketing mix is the one that maximizes customer satisfaction and results in the highest sales or market share (Doyle, 2003) also suggests that customer satisfaction and sales can always be increased if c ompanies offer more product features, lower prices than competition, higher promotional budgets and the immediate availability of the product, of outstanding customer service and support (Doyle, 2003). Ford Motor Company is global automotive industry leader in the world based on US. Ford has its history of 109 years for existing and developing. Fords strategy is focus on developing vehicles that deliver exceptional value to our customers across global markets. Ford product vehicles sport bold exterior designs, while offering great handling and performance. Not only are they great to drive with interior enhancements in comfort and connectivity but fuel economy across every vehicle in our portfolio is a reason to buy(Ford, np) Ford worldwide market share reported end of 2011: 7.3%, regional Ford North America: 17.3%, Ford Europe 8.3%, Ford Asia South Pacific: 2.7%, South America 8.3% Ford Vietnam is a joint venture established in 1995 between Ford Motor Company (75%) and Song Cong Diesel Company (25%). Cumulative market share up to SEP 2012 is in fifth position with 5.3%, meanwhile, two market leaders, Truong Hai and Toyota gain 30.9% and 29.1%. Fords market share in Vietnam is nearly double in comparison with its regional market share Asia South Pacific. But the gap between Ford and two market leaders in Vietnam is very huge. Since, Fords products are diversified ranging from low end to high end compared with its big competitor that is Toyota. Fords products are known as full family of vehicles offering leading quality, fuel efficiency, safety, smart design and value (Ford, np). This big gap excites the researcher to evaluate the level of customer satisfaction of Ford Car users in Vietnam, explore what factors impact on this customer satisfaction by testing the relationship between marketing mix elements and customer satisfaction of Ford Car users in Vietnam. Beside some reasons above, marketing mix and customer satisfaction are two theories that researcher is very interesting to study. Finally, topic of research can be named as below: Exploring the relationship between marketing mix elements and customer satisfaction of Ford Car users in Vietnam 1.2 Research objectives The researcher intends to study on Ford auto customer satisfaction in Vietnam to evaluating the level of customer satisfaction and testing the relationship between marketing mix elements and customer satisfaction of Ford auto users with below objectives: To study the knowledge of marketing mix, its element and customer satisfaction concept. To examine the relationship between marketing mix elements and customer satisfaction of Ford auto in Vietnam To measure the level of customer satisfaction of Ford auto in Vietnam To recommend some effective solutions to improve the marketing mix to gain higher level of customer satisfaction. 1.3 Research questions In order to have a clearly understand of all queries about the topic regarding to relationship between marketing mix and Ford users customer satisfaction. This research tries to answer below questions: Is there possible relationship between marketing mix and customer satisfaction of Ford Car users in Vietnam? What is the level of customer satisfaction of Ford auto in Vietnam In what way is the marketing mix can be improved to enhance Fords customer satisfaction in Vietnam. 1.4 The significance of study Many academic research are conducted in testing the relationship between marketing mix and customer satisfaction in different areas, especially in service sector such as: Tourist, university, cafà ©, banking,..But a few of them are found the automobile industry. Moreover, most of academic research is out of Vietnam market. Although the study result reflects somewhat the real situation of level of customer satisfaction on Ford users in Vietnam, but the target population is quite small and limited in small region, so that the research findings and result only is used for reference or partly apply in the customer satisfaction enhancement for Ford Motor Vietnam or suggesting for further research in future. 1.5 Boundary of the study Auto market in Vietnam is quite huge, due to geographical dispersion and time constraint, the researcher only conducts the survey on customers who own Ford Car in Ho Chi Minh City. Furthermore, the respondents seem very busy with the things. The study focuses on 4 elements of marketing mix and their impact on customer satisfaction. So the result only presents partly for auto market in Vietnam. 1.6 The organization the study à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Chapter 1, the introduction part of research including background of study, why the researcher choose this topic, the research aims and objectives is given, the research questions is identified, the significant of study is discussed, Finally how this research can be applied in practices, the boundary of study and structure of study are presented. In the Chapter 2, the literature review related to marketing, marketing mix and its elements, customer satisfaction, the relationships between customer satisfaction and marketing mix, the recommended solutions for improving marketing mix elements in order to gain high level of customer satisfaction The Chapter 3 provides the methodology and procedures which used to collect data for the study. The researcher will perform the surveys with the customers who are using Ford Car in Vietnam, by this survey, researcher will measure the level of customer satisfaction, to explore the relationship between marketing mix elements and customer satisfaction. By this study, the author will use quantitative method to design the questionnaires and use them during the surveys. These data will be the main data to support the answer of the second and third research question. The researcher will conduct one survey which will be conducted with customers who are using the car of Ford to evaluate the level of customer satisfaction and explore the relationship between marketing mix and customer satisfaction. The purpose of this survey is to get the quantitative data to support the answer for the second and third research questions, whereby to give the best solutions for improving marketing mix effectively for Ford Vietnam in enhance its customer satisfaction. In the chapter 4, Microsoft excel 2007 and SPSS 16 software will be used to input all the raw data of the respondents and do the analysis, statistic and present them using table, charts, or graphic. Then the researcher will analyse and discuss the findings base on the responses. And present the meaning and reason of the result as well as link with the knowledge in the literature review to support the answers for the research questions and achieve the research objectives. Chapter 5 contains a summary of the findings of this research; providing the conclusions for the findings and discussion and suggest for further research. The reflective statement will be in the Appendix A which provides the reflection on research results and personal development that the researcher had gained from this study. The following pages will present the chapter Review of the Literature that will review all existing literatures and knowledge to support data to achieve the objectives of this research. Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Chapter Introduction According to Saunders et al. (2007) A critical review of the literature review is critical part of any research. It is necessary to help the researcher to develop a thorough understanding of and insight to previous researches that related to research questions and objectives. By critically discussing, evaluating what are strengths and weakness, referencing works or studies that has already been undertake, drawing out key points and presenting them in logically argued way. To complete the literature reviewing, the researcher has not only the skill of search relevant knowledge but also appraise it. Sharp et al. (2002 cited in Saunders et al. 2007) suggests that there are two major reasons exist for reviewing the literature: Firstly, the preliminary search that help to generate and refine the research ideas. Secondly, often referred to as the critical review or critical literature review, Moreover, Saunders et al. (2007) emphasizes that any researches and finding will be judged in relation to others peoples research and finding. Main purpose of literature review is to help researcher to develop a good understanding and insight into relevant previous research and the trends that have emerged. Gall et al (2002, quoted in Saunders et al.,2007) provides some other purposes of literature review such as: To help researcher refine further the research question and objectives To highlight research possibilities that has been overlooked implicitly in research to date, To discover explicit recommendations for further research To help researcher avoid simply repeating work that has been done already, To sample current opinions in newspapers, professional and trade journals, thereby gaining insight in to the aspects of the research questions and objectives that are considered newsworthy, Discover and provide an insight into research approaches, strategies and techniques which are appropriate to own research questions and objectives. It could be said that most of researches argue that the critical review is very necessary. Briefly, review the literature relates to: Searching academic research, theories which must be relevant to research questions and objectives. Profound understanding, critical review, give arguments, appraisal, evaluating, discussing, referencingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ But it is not just descript and list down the any literatures. Comment: the above paragraph is not necessary! This chapter aims to provide a theoretical background bases on existing academic knowledge for research topic Exploring the relationship between marketing mix elements and customer satisfaction of Ford auto in Vietnam. By doing this, the researcher could further refine three research questions and four research objectives which had been specified in Chapter 1 to highlight research possibilities that have been overlooked, discover explicit recommendations for further research. It helps to avoid repetition to sample current opinions, provide an insight into appropriate research strategies and methodologies. A good literature review expands on the reasons behind selecting a particular research question. Thus the researcher plans to find a strong theoretical foundation provided for the study from a wide range of sources which relates to previously published researches: Books, journals, some ideas in newspaperà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, then assess the strengths and weaknesses of previous works, jus tifying arguments by referencing previous researches. The sources of literatures were cited following the required standard. In this Chapter, some hypotheses will be proposed for testing to answer research questions and archive research objectives in Chapter 1. Marketing Marketing is very critical for every business. Kotler, (2002) suggests that the scope of marketing relates to ten types of entities: Goods, services, experiences, events, persons, places, properties, organizations, information, and ideas. It shows that marketing gets involved to all activities of the business from identify the customers and customer needs, creating product and services, communicating to customers, sell its products to target customers, making its customers satisfiedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The researches and studies regarding marketing are numerous. Below are some definitions about marketing concept. An earliest definition of marketing is the performance of business activities that direct a flow of goods or services from producers to consumers (AMA,1935). This concept generally mentions about performance of activities, but these activities were not clarified, the concept is quite wide with simply mention about goods and services from producer to consumers. Since marketing becomes an interest topic that many scholars get involved to study. A lot of definitions were come up by researchers: Perreault McCarthy (2002), Kotler P Levy SJ (1969); Kotler et al. (2005) Another concept of marketing which get many opposed debates is that Marketing is simply figuring out what you have to do to sell your product or service for a profit Keefe (2004 p.17). Generally, the most accepted recently is the newest definition of AMA is that Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, cli ents, partners, and society at large (AMA,2007). 2.2 Marketing mix concept The term of marketing mix firstly developed by Bornden (1964), the sources of his inspiration come from the concept of his colleague Jame Culliton (1948, cited in Borden, 1984) which described the business executive is a mixer of ingredients, the marketing elements are the same with ingredients and marketing manager mixes some of these together to become the marketing mix strategy. Borden (1964) also identified twelve controllable elements of marketing mix: Product planning, pricing, branding, channel of distribution, personal selling, advertising, promotion, packaging, display, servicing, physical handling, fact finding and analysis. This is a list of elements or ingredients to make up a marketing program. Depending on each situation, the marketing manager will blend the number of these elements to constructing and formulating an appropriate marketing program to satisfy their customer needs and wants in target market. By this way, both company and customers objectives are achieved. McCarthy (1964) regroups twelve elements of Borden to four categories or usually called 4Ps now: Product, price, promotion, place. Each of these elements comprises some of 12 elements of Borden. And some research also suggested that if manage this mix properly, company will be successful. Mccarthys concept of marketing mix rapidly began to appear in marketing text. Judd (1987) suggested one more new important P is People. Furthermore, Boom Bitner (1981) extend 4Ps to 7Ps, he argues that product and service are different, so 4Ps is inadequate, so it is new marketing mix paradigm for service is: Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, physical evident and process. The later definition is that marketing mix is the controllable variables the company puts together to satisfy its target group (Perreault MCCarthy, 2002). This definition is similar with definition is tha marketing mix is the set of controllable tactical marketing tools product, price, place and promotion that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market (Kotler et al., 2005). Both definitions mentioned about controllable factors to satisfy the customer in target market. Each mix element includes its factors as below Product: Variety, quality, design, feature, brand name, packaging, service, warranty. Price: List price, discount, allowance, payment period, credit term. Place: Channel, coverage, assortment, location, inventory, transport. Promotion: Advertising, promotion, personal selling, publicity. Kotler et al. (2005) also suggested that: An effective marketing program blend marketing mix elements into a coordinated programme design to achieve the companys marketing objective. When marketing mix concept is introduced, there are many researches to evaluate and criticise on it. Constantinides (2006) identified two significant limitations of marketing mix is internal orientations and lack of personalization. Both Gronroos (1989) and Popovic (2006) suggest that the 4 Ps and the marketing mix are production-oriented definitions, companies focus much on internal product, the market may be neglected. According to Mà ¶ller (2006) marketing mix too focus internally instead of customer behavior. Many researches show that the limitations of marketing are on: Production-oriented or too focusing on internal instead of standing on customer point of view. Therefore, Kotler et al. (2005) recognizes that 4Ps represent sellers view of marketing tool available for influencing buyer, it is not from customer point of view. In fact that each marketing tool must deliver a customer benefit, company should view 4Ps as customers 4Cs: Product: Customer need and want, Price: Cost to the customer, Place: Convenience, Promotion: Communication. Doyle (2000) argues that marketing mix approach leads to unprofitable decisions, because it is coordinated with financial objectives such as: Increasing shareholder value. Kotler (1984) proposes two additional Ps of political power and Public Relation to the marketing mix to cover more factors that is important for business as well, those are Political power and Public Relation. According to Schultz (2001) the 4 Ps are increasingly less relevant in todays market, despite of what they are still learned in marketing courses, academics write and res each about them Since marketing becomes a vital role in success of any business. Many researches are conducted on marketing mix and its element, more extend elements are suggested, it is obviously that marketing mix or some researches show many limitations or debates, but marketing mix is still the practice model to deploy company strategies effectively. And up to date, there is no any new models can completely replace for marketing mix 4P. 2.3 Marketing mix elements 2.3.1 Product A product as defined by Armstrong and Kotler (2005) that is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption that might satisfy a want or need. The latter can be best understood in terms of the manner of delivery of the particular service. Ferrell (2005) opines that the product is the core of the marketing mix strategy where retailers can offer unique attributes that differentiates their product from their competitors. According to Borden (1984) product is characterized by quality, design, features, brand name and sizes Also from Kotler et al.,( 2005) product can be divided into two categories: Tangible and intangible product, the tangible product is a merchandise that can be touched, hand, feel it, the intangible product or normally call service, which could not be touched or hand, unobservable. Product concept in this research refers to tangible product that is a car of Ford auto Vietnam. According to Kotler et al, (2005), product concept is including: Core product, augmented product and actual product. Core product regarding to main problem solving benefit or core benefit that consumer really wants to buy. When they obtain, this product will resolve their problems. The main purpose of buying a car is for travelling, safety and protection for health. The actual product is related to: Parts, features, design, product quality, styling, brand name and packaging or some more attribute that combined to core benefit of product. For a car, these attributes are most important for manufacturer attract and retain its customers The augmented product which including: Additional consumer service or benefit build around the core and actual product: Solution, warranty and repair service, instruction how to install or using, help desk, call center, free delivery. In those attributes, customer service and repair is more important that auto manufacturing have to pay attention. In order to satisfy the need of customer, the product designer have to consider all three components of product, because customer expect to buy three of benefit and they feel happy or satisfy when gain enough all the benefit. Many researches tried to find down the impacts of all above attributes of product to customer satisfaction. Kotler et al. (2005) suggested that Outstanding marketing companies go out of their way to keep their customers satisfied. Companies know that satisfied customers make repeat purchases and tell others about their good experiences with the product. Regarding to product quality and customer service factors in automotive industry in India, Asghar et al. (2011) found that the quality of products in Tata Motors Company enhances customer satisfaction, and also found that there is a positive relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the context of the Indian automotive industry. Product quality is one of factor of Product in marketing mix. The research shows that the more customers satisfied with quality of product, the more loyal they are with this product. And this may lead to the repurchasing companys product. Customer service is also a factor of Product element, since it becomes very important for any manufacturing company, especially in auto industry. Bastos and Gallego (2008) also provide evidence that customer service quality directly affects satisfaction and satisfaction directly affects the positive behavioral intentions. Rodoula (2005) finds that consumers perceiving a product being of high quality are more satisfied with the product than consumers perceiving a product being of low quality. There are a positive relationship between perceived quality and customer satisfaction in Shoes industry. It is suggested by Lien-Ti and Yuching (2001) that there is a positive relationship between product quality and customer satisfaction on automotive industry. Yelkur (2000) also finds that the critical elements in the services marketing mix influence and positively effects customer satisfaction. Moreover, the relationship between marketing and customer satisfaction is highly expressed among researchers (Zineldin Philipson, 2007). Cengiz and Yayla (2007) find that marketing mix having a positive effect on satisfaction and loyalty on word of mouth communication from accounting offices in Turkey. Mohammad et all (2012) suggests that Product and tourists Satisfaction are positively related to each other. Although not all attributes of product such as: Quality, designà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ were tested if any relationship or impact on customer satisfaction, but at least, there are so many studies show that product generally positive impact on customer satisfaction, and quality of product, customer service were tested, especially in automotive industry. So far there are no any research found that no any relationship between Product element or its factors with customer satisfaction. Or the negative impact of Product on customer satisfaction. So in this research the author tries to do the research the relationship between Fords product which were sold in Vietnam market and its customer satisfaction. So the hypothesis will be proposed as below: H1: There is a positive relationship between Fords Product and its customer satisfaction. 2.3.2 Price Price is one of very important element in marketing mix and the only element that produce the revenue to company. Price is very the most flexible element in mix, it can be change very fast to adapt with every stage of product life cycle, or to stimulate demand in short time, or can reduce to support selling of other product in production line or set to keep loyalty of customer. So that pricing may play an important role in helping to accomplish the companys objectives at many levels. (Kotler et al., 2005. p.668). Price decisions must be coordinated with product design, distribution and promotion decisions to form a consistent and effective marketing program. The definion of price that is the amount of money charged for a product or service, or the total values that consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service(Kotler et al, 2005) Similarly with Product element, Price also gets many scholars involved to study the relationship with customer satisfaction. A research of Oliver Swan, (1989) shows that perceptions of price unfairness lead to dissatisfaction and the purchase intention is influenced by satisfaction. This was consolidated by later search of Campbell (1999) that perception of price unfairness may trigger consumers negative emotions such as dissatisfaction, disappointment, and anger. So as a result, customers do not come back for repurchasing this product any more. Augene (1996) investigated the association between customer satisfaction and willing-to-pay or price tolerance, the finding shows that negative association between level of customer satisfaction provided by company and the degree of Price tolerance. In the telecommunication sector, Muzammil et al. (2010), also finds that both the factors Price fairness and customer service significantly contributed to explain customer satisfaction but compar atively price fairness had the larger impact on customer satisfaction than customer services. In another study of Herrmann et al.,(2007) on automobile concludes that customer satisfaction is directly influenced by price perceptions while indirectly through the perception of price fairness , demonstrate the influence of perceived price fairness on satisfaction judgments, Buyers price perceptions positively influences their perceptions of the fairness of price offers. Price is an important element in consumers purchases; therefore it has a large influence on consumer satisfaction judgments. Homburg et al., (2005) investigates the effects of price increases at an individual level, the authors argued that customers react to price increases are strongly driven by two factors: the magnitude of the price increase and the perceived fairness of the motive for the price increase. Soedijati Pratminingsih (2011) indicated that marketing mix has significant and positive relationship with students decision making for selecting a university for marketing mix. Another research of Muala Qurneh (2012) on Tourist sector shows that product, place, personnel and process significant impact on tourist satisfaction. It is less impact of Price on customer satisfaction, or it could be said that there is no any relationship with customer satisfaction. Because the tourists usually expect more on quality of tourist, instead considering price carefully. Martin Consuegra (2007) finds price fairness influences price acceptance indirectly through customer satisfaction and loyalty. According to Cheng et al (2011, consumers perceived price has a negative impact on customer satisfaction, which is that the higher the fast food industry product price is, the more it will reduce customer satisfaction. This result is consistent with the study result of Dargay (2007), and Hopkins (2007). Moreover, Cheng and Wu (2011) finds that when price increase reduces customer satisfaction in the global service market. Price increases as same as customers perceived price increase, it means that price fairness reduces. As a result, customers become dissatisfied with company goods or service. Kotler and Lane (2009) also proposed that there is a positive relationship between perceived price fairness and satisfaction. The more consumers perceive a price as gain, the higher their satisfaction. These findings also supports the idea that higher price may reduce customer satisfaction or consumption capacity. Martin-Consuegra et al. (2007) asserts that decision of customers to accept parti cular price relate directly to satisfaction level. Research on how price impact on customer satisfaction is very huge, most studies show that having the strong impact of Price and customer satisfaction in many areas, and this is the positive relationship. The more customer perceived fairness (or less customer perceived price), the more increase in customer satisfaction. The hypothesis will be tested at below: H2: There is the positive relationship between price of Ford auto and its customer satisfaction. 2.3.4 Place According to Kotler et al.,(2005) Place related to all the company activities that make the product or service available to target customers. Place refers to channel, coverage, assortment, location, inventory, transport. In the service sector, Place decisions refer to the ease of access which potential customer to a service such as location (distance to services sites) and distribution (e.g., home delivery, 24-hour availability) (Hirankitti et al., 2009). As same as with Product and Price, there are many previous researches to test the relationship between Place and customer satisfaction. Cheng et al., (2011) found that convenience has a positive impact on fast food industry customer satisfaction. It indicated that the more convenient, the more customer satisfaction will increase. This study result has corresponded with the study conclusion of Mahon et al. (2006) and Martinez-Ruiz et al. (2010). Gilaninia et al. (2012) also finds that the supply chain management has direct relationsh ip with customer satisfaction. Mohammad et all (2012) points out that Place and customer satisfaction are positively related to each other. According to Kotler and Amstrong (2010) when channel is used in marketing system that maximizes efficiency, effectiveness, maximizes costs and delivers the great customer satisfaction for companies, because the channel is link between producers and final consumers. Palmer (2000) also believes that physical distribution (order processing, warehousing, inventory, transport) affect on customer satisfaction. Ryu Han (2009) proposed that customers perception of physical environment factors: facility aesthetics, lighting, layout, and social factors had significant effects on disconfirmation and disconfirmation directly influence to cust