The Struggle For Civil Rights Movement - 906 Words

â€Å"Blacks had struggled for their freedom in Mississippi since the earliest days of slavery and continue to fight for their fights as citizens down to the present.† (423) John Dittmer’s Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi uncovers the origins of black suffrage within the state and continues through the historic Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s in America. While many books have been written on this topic, Local People tells a different story. Rather than focusing on the national movement and its personalities, Dittmer chooses to emphasis the importance and sacrifices of the local, African-American activists who fought for equality in Mississippi during this turbulent period of American history. The result is a fascinating and groundbreaking study of the local Mississippi Civil Rights Movement, one that will engage its readers and hopefully change the way historians view the movement. Fittingly titled, Dittmer’s book masterly tells the story of local black Mississippians and their desire to overcome the American caste system which had accompanied them since slavery. From the onset of the book, Dittmer lays the foundation for understanding the life of African Americans living in post-Civil War Mississippi. Ever since Reconstruction had ended in the South, former confederates and white supremacists made every attempt to keep African Americans from increasing their social status within the state. Whether it was through acts of the stateShow MoreRelatedThe Struggle Of The Civil Rights Movement1339 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement is one of the most influential events from all of America’s history. This fight started long before the ‘60s and has continued long after. All minority groups will face the struggle for rights at some time. This movement just happened to be for the African Americans in the 1960s. During this era, there were several leaders and events that experienced success in their endeavors to get rid of segregation and create equal opportunities for all. One of the most famous leadersRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And The African American Freedom Struggle Essay1913 Words   |  8 PagesRevolution only shows half of what the Civil Rights Movement is about. This documentary fails to show the Armed resistance aspect of the African American Freedom struggle. As the documentary shows the nonviolent part of the Civil Rights Movement it leaves out how important the role of armed resistance was in the African American freedom struggle. It unsuccessfully shows how armed resistance made the Civil Rights Movement possible and protected many civil rights leaders such a Martin Luther King. SoundtrackRead MoreStruggle for Black Americans: Civil Rights Movement Essay2552 Words   |  11 PagesThe Hundred year struggle for Black Americans would begin during Reconstruction, long before the civil rights movement would be headlining in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The struggle would not just be for freedom but also in terms of education and employment from the police brutality and general day to day discrimination. This abuse would compel individuals, such as the more famous Black civil rights leaders to launch efforts to assert their constitutional rights and improve their standing in society;Read MoreThe Role Of Civil Disobedience And The Civil Rights Movement1503 Words   |  7 Pagesinjustices. Ranging from peaceful marches to powerful acts of civil disobedience, not only in the United States but in Central American countries such as Nicaragua. This being said, civil protests and peaceful demonstrations were not necessarily more successful in exuding change than pieces of legislation but moreso acted as a catalyst for social change, leading towards legislation that would positively impact those who protested. The concept of civil disobedience and peaceful demonstration acting as a catalystRead MoreAnalysis Of Bloody Lowndes1569 Words   |  7 PagesJefferies The Civil Rights Struggle Markà © C. Wrisborne AFTS/ HIST 3390: The Modern Civil Rights Movement Dr. Michael Williams November 13, 2017 Bloody Lowndes was written by a historian named Hassan Kwame Jefferies. The book details the African American struggles faced in the fight for freedom in the rural area of Lowndes County, during the1960’s. He examines different activist groups, the leaders within those groups, and their impact/ role played on the Civil Rights MovementRead MoreAfrican Americans Need To Understand â€Å"The Necessity, As1562 Words   |  7 Pagesamong civil rights historians, which creates and reinforces a lack of detachment that has characterized the civil rights scholarship since its inception. While Eagles acknowledges that the activist standpoint is not likely to disappear in the near future, his call for more objectivity in how historians of the civil rights movement conduct their research has not received the attention it deserves. In the article, which was released five years before Jacqueline Dowd Hall’s call for a long civil rightsRead MorePrejudice and Discrimination in Ame rica Today Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesthe color of a persons skin is irrelevant, racism still exists and will forever exist in America. It is a never-ending phenomenon that is ingrained in American life. Racism is America, just as America is built around the idea of racism. As the civil rights activist and scholar Derrick Bell would say, Racism is an integral, permanent, and indestructible component of this society. He proclaims that no matter what blacks do to better their status, they are doomed to fail as long as the majority ofRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement By Charles W. Eagles780 Words   |  4 Pages Ten years after Fairclough article, another author continues the discussion of historians and their attempt to analysis the civil rights movement. Charles W. Eagles’ article â€Å"Toward New Histories of the Civil Rights Era† provides further supporting evidence that scholars fail to analyze the movement to its fullest potential. Eagles util izes diplomatic historian John Lewis Gaddis analogy of historians studying the cold car. According to Gaddis, cold war scholars â€Å"reflected the contemporaneousRead MoreNaacp1094 Words   |  5 PagesNAACP The civil rights movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. It has been made up of many movements, though it is often used to refer to the struggles between 1945 and 1970 to end discrimination against African-Americans and to end racial segregation, especially in the U.S. South. It focuses on that particular struggle, rather than the comparable movements to end discrimination against otherRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1168 Words   |  5 PagesLuther King Jr. delivered to the Christian Action Group on December 7, 1964, he discusses the positive gains that have been achieved by the civil rights movement. In this speech King provided his audience with several facts on how the people have came a long way from where they began and that the civil rights movement has made a great progress in its struggle for equal treatment under the law. In King s speech, he begins by claiming that they have come a long way from where they began. As he starts

The Documentary Kings Park - 1191 Words

The documentary, Kings Park, that was viewed in class was a disturbing film that follows Lucy Winer on her journey back to rediscover and analyze her time spent at the Kings Park Psychiatric Hospital. I found the film to be alarming as well as eye opening. I thought it shed light on many of the issues that have plagued the mental healthcare system in America for decades. The mistreatment of the patients and the flaws in the diagnosis systems were very prevalent. Specifically, I found her first meeting with the two workers to be interesting, and her visit with her old physiatrist to be heart-wrenching. Additionally, the cruel treatment both mentally and physically of the patients at Kings Park was particularly concerning. I believe that many of the former patients’ stories allude to major issues in the American mental healthcare system. Overall, the Kings Park documentary provided and eye opening look into the institutionalization of the mentally ill. I believe that the fir st meeting at the diner between the two former workers at Kings Park and Lucy Winer delineates many of the issues with mental healthcare. The two men were supposed to be providing care to over a thousand patients, yet it did not seem as if they knew much about mental health. When Lucy was describing her suicide attempts, the one main replied with, â€Å"Oh you must have had really low self esteem or something†. This naive statement by the former worker is concerning, for this may mean that he didn’t trulyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Civil Rights Activist Rosa Parks555 Words   |  3 Pages Civil rights activist Rosa Parks was born on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. At the age of two she moved to her grandparents farm in Pine Level, Alabama with her mother and younger brother, Sylvester. At the age of 11 she enrolled in the Montgomery Industrial School for Girls, a private school founded by liberal-minded women from the northern United States. The schools philoso phy of self-worth was consistent with Leona McCauleys advice to take advantage of the opportunities, no matterRead MoreAnalysis Of The Documentary Eyes On The American Civil Rights Movement 783 Words   |  4 PagesEyes on the prize I is a PBS documentary film series that eye lights the American Civil Rights Movement. The documentary series also depicts the struggle to end racial discrimination and segregation and how small acts of courage began the Civil Rights Movement. I was able to watch three one-hour series, Awakening (1954-1956), Fighting Back (1957 – 1962) and Ain’t Scared of your Jails (1960 – 1961). These series are poignant and takes us through the days of segregation and inequality and the grassrootsRead MoreThe Legacy Of Rosa Parks881 Words   |  4 PagesMighty Times: The Legacy of Rosa Parks In the late 20th century, in the U.S was the beginning of a community came together as a society. This was the path towards the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This short documentary is about the life of Rosa and her action in civil rights. This film, Mighty Times: The Legacy of Rosa Parks present a courageous act of Ms. Parks who stood up for her rights equally as a white man to get her seat in the bus after a long day of work in 1955 in Alabama. Back in the earlyRead More Rosa Louise Parks Essays1606 Words   |  7 PagesRosa Louise Parks   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The woman who earned the title â€Å"Mother of the Civil Rights Movement†, Rosa Louise Parks is an enormous inspiration to the African American race. Rosa was born in Tuskegee, Alabama on February 4, 1913 to James and Leona McCauley (The Life of Rosa Parks). Both of Rosa’s parents were born before slavery was banished from the United States. They suffered a difficult childhood, and after emancipation the conditions for blacks were not much better. Rosa’s mother was a schoolteacherRead MoreThe Critically Acclaimed Muscle Shoals Documentary and Music Lovers990 Words   |  4 Pages(INTRODUCTION) Thanks to the critically acclaimed â€Å"Muscle Shoals† documentary, music lovers are finding their way to the small town in northwest Alabama where some of the world’s greatest hits were recorded. This was the very town where, at Rick Hall’s FAME Studios and the rival Muscle Shoals Sound Studio, Aretha Franklin found her groove, Paul Simon developed â€Å"Kodachrome† and Wilson Pickett cranked up â€Å"Mustang Sally.† In the documentary, Mick Jagger, Steve Winwood, Percy Sledge and Etta James, amongRead MoreThe Lifestyle Of A Documentary Photographer : Research Project2638 Words   |  11 PagesThe Lifestyle of a Documentary Photographer: Research Project This paper will help give insights to those that don’t know photography so they can hear from an artist perspective about the most significant aspect of photography which is documentary photography. When you think about photography, most think of landscape, commercial, and fine arts photography. But they fail to know that with photography it takes documenting the things captured for those other particular aspects of photographyRead MoreCivil Rights Activists: Martin Luther King Jr., Malcom X, and Huey Newton1223 Words   |  5 Pages American icon and former civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. once said, I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. This quote speaks volumes about the message that he is trying to convey towards society regarding racism. He is basically saying not to judge others just because of their skin c olor, but love them for who they are. We should not beRead MoreRace And Rage : The Beating Of Rodney King961 Words   |  4 PagesRage: The Beating of Rodney King was a documentary about just that, the beating of Rodney King and the Chicago Riots that were a result. In 1991 Rodney King was chased by cops for several miles before finally pulling over in a parking lot. He was then beaten almost to death by police and the entire incident was recorded by a resident in a nearby apartment. Chicago riots begin in 1992 due to the police brutality incident. The damage to the city was immeasurable and finally King came on and said he justRead MoreA Trip Through the Civil Rights Movement1057 Words   |  4 Pageswanted to sit down, a black person would have to give up their seat to accommodate a white person. That was just the norm during this time period. But, that all changed when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man and was taken to jail. This would be the start to a powe rful movement. Right after Rosa Parks arrest, followed the Montgomery Bus boycott. During the bus boycott, African Americans refused to take the bus, and would either carpool with others, or walk to get around town. AccordingRead MoreThe Sons Of August By Nicholas Klein875 Words   |  4 PagesGermany was trying to become the ultimate power in Europe. Germany was seeking an alliance with England, but England was more focused on an alliance with France. With the death of King Edward the VII of England, royals from all of Europe come to attend his funeral. Included in the group was the new king of England, King George the V. Next to him is William the II of Germany. He is related to the British royal family because his mother had been an English princess. All are mourning his death except

Information Systems Analysis and Design Term †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Information Systems Analysis and Design Term1. Answer: Introduction Data Science school education is the procedure for recruitment of student that was develop for the colleagues and family members. In this study, the major key facets for investigation of data were containing communication of data, prediction, classification and regression, exploratory analysis, management, sampling, cleaning and data wrangling. This framework can be worked from past years, now this framework has a large number of mistakes while enrolling the students from various countries. All the work is paper based and it requires a ton of time to handle the applications. Sometimes the records of a few students are not found and they vanish after few days. In transaction records there can be creation of some issues. In accounting area there are also issues while managing invoices since all are produced with the assistance of pen and paper. Thus, in some cases it makes duplicacy while recovering information. Keeping in mind, end goal is to determine issues that need to build up ano ther framework and in this framework all the work should do naturally. In this the computerized framework ought to be made to evacuate the manual framework. Objective of the project There are various objectives of the project for resolving the issues that each system has. Below are the objectives of the project for this system: Techniques Tools Methodologies (Huckabee, 2015) Approach to Systems Development Creation of Information System for Data Science School Education To create particular data framework for Data Science School Education there are different methodologies, for example, JAD (Joint Application Design), RAD (Rapid Application Development), Prototyping Model, Agile and Participatory outline needed to build up another framework. I can utilize JAD approach to make a framework. To build up another framework for Education in Data Science School we need to view each necessities and prerequisites and pick the best option. As indicated by Valacich et al (2014) in JAD data framework approach there are Users, Managers and Analysts that work with each other for some days and they all looked into framework necessities and organized gatherings. Development Approach Justification We need to legitimize the above picked approach however, most importantly we can comprehend what are the issues confronted at now. Furthermore, what are the new necessities we can need to build up another framework. Data Science school Education can confront trouble while requiring data about every stakeholders by keeping every ones element on a paper. They require framework to depict the stakeholders that will be working in the provided framework. Carmel et al (2013) clarifies that JAD is the best technique with the high level of client associations that prompt better framework and saw as functioning admirably. There are likewise different details for Joint Application Design to make another framework for Data Science School in Education System. JAD depicts the customer and server plan which includes chiefs, students and framework investigators. In this strategy, there is accessibility to comprehend the sentiments of the number of members required in this venture. In Joint Application Design (JAD), there are client gatherings that organized and taught and straightforward. This technique additionally prompts and increment the quality, diminished the cost for the given venture and it is requiring less investment to actualize the given venture. There are different procedures utilized as a part of this technique to outline another framework. Carmel et al (2013) states that there are distinctive approaches to run a JAD strategy, for example, Facilitation, Agenda setting Structure, Documentation and Group Dynamics. By utilizing JAD we can discover more precise outcomes when contrasted with different strategies utilized. Systems Requirements For building up any information system, there is a necessity of the system requirements. Two types of the requirements needed for developing Data Science School Education which contains both non-functional and functional system. The non-functional requirements address significant problems of restriction and quality for the physical system. The functional requirements would take place in software system. For system primary functional requirements Below are some of the functional requirements that use in creating the Education System for Data Science School: Controlling and Managing subsystem All records are updated and coordinated with the other system Details of the school students were managed Whole of the Education Consultancy would get managed and controlled Financial Subsystem Create the details of payroll system Fees for the school can be paid by either Debit card or credit card School will maintained the transaction records EIA provided the details of the fees which student paid to school Educational Subsystem OET, PTE or IELTS are some of the Student English Proficiency Evidence Verified and maintained all the documents related to student academic Student Subsystem Maintained various details of the student to school such as passport and Visa The system will maintain and collect various details of the student for school and details are Contact details, Address and Name For system non-functional requirements Below are some of the non-functional requirements: Technical Describes the total project cost Performance This displays the time of response and shows the user throughput Usability Demonstrate how the system works and get understand easily in provided project Reliability - Find some of the recovery solution for the detection of the errors. (Lichen, 2012) Project Cost Benefit Analysis Cost benefit analysis of the project is important for creating the new system that is helpful for the school. The feasibility study is describing various success measures and outcomes that are to be achieved. The analysis of cost benefit for the project is finished by calculating Overall NPV, Discount rate, Net economic benefit, One-time costs and Recurring costs. Below sample data taken for calculating the Cost benefit analysis: Recurring costs = $18,000 One-time costs = $50000 Discount rate = 6% Net economic benefit = $48000 Below are the break even analyses Project Schedule The schedule of the project is mainly an estimating time that is needed for completing the project. Work Breakdown Structure This will describe the full project that is divided into various small sub-tasks so that this can easily understood. Below is the Gantt chart The MPP file attached Scope, Requirements and Goals of system Project scope: School will design and create the new system so that it can reduce the risk and cost. Requirements: Below are some of the system requirements Testing Planning Initiating Requirements of management Requirements of student Goals: Main objective of Data Science School Education is creating the system for reducing the paper work and pen and build the user friendly system. System Information Requirement Investigation Techniques As per Valacich et al (2014) below are some of the investigation techniques that are involved in project: Documents - It can check all the required archives that are utilized as a part of a venture. All the valuable data given in these reports will address the issues that effectively get it. It can likewise recognize the issues in an exceptionally effective way. Observations - It can be utilized as a superior strategy for supplementing interviews. It might be easier to use technique sometimes. It can diminish the blunders that occur in a present framework. Questioning Interviewing - The primary concern is that by talking and scrutinizing one can listen every ones inquiries and attempt to answer that inquiries. The issues that emerge in a venture can be listen appropriately and attempt to determine them. So, in future all the work should be possible in a correct or great way. Below are the outlines that are contained in interview: Agenda Objectives Location Date and Time of Interview Reflections and Conclusions Various requirements are investigated and developed for Data Science School Education. With the use of JAD methodology, it structured all the managerial members in the particular way and thus discusses with one another all the needed requirements. In this study, there is a display and preparation of Work Breakdown Structure and Gantt chart for displaying all the requirements needed for the project. Finally for school education the new system that was created is very user friendly and it also decreases the time and cost of the project. The information that is included in the new system is handled easily and very accurate also. With the help of this new system, elimination of the duplicacy is possible. This provides better outcomes and increases the overall system efficiency. References Valacich, J, George, J, Hoffer, J 2015,Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, Pearson, CQUniversity Library Catalogue, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 December 2015. Carmel, E, Whitaker, R, George, J, 2013, 'PD AND JOINT APPLICATION DESIGN: A TRANSATLANTIC COMPARISON', Communications Of The ACM, 36, 6, pp. 40-48, Computers Applied Sciences Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 December 2015. Huckabee, WA 2015, 'REQUIREMENTS Engineering in an AGILE Software Development ENVIRONMENT', Defense Acquisition Research Journal: A Publication Of The Defense Acquisition University, 22, 4, pp. 394-415, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 December 2015. Lichen, Z 2012, 'Aspect-Oriented Development Method for Non- Functional Characteristics of Cyber Physical Systems Based on MDA Approach', Journal Of Software (1796217X), 7, 3, pp. 608-619, Computers Applied Sciences Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 December 2015.

To Kill a Mockingbird Journal One Chapters 1-10 Essays

To Kill a Mockingbird Journal One: Chapters 1-10 By: Saima Vedachhia Atticus Finch gave his daughter an amazing piece of advice about how a person can't understand another person's perspective "until you climb into his skin and walk around in it"( Page 39) . Th ese sentences from the book, Atticus does truly give an judgement on how to better understand people and their own perspective . However, its the way the neighbourhood treats "Boo" or Arthur Radley proves that either Atticus is a hypocrite or he unconcern about Arthur Radley. Atticus tells Scout this when she complains to him about her teacher, Miss. Caroline, but when I first read the sentence, my first thought was about Arthur Radley and the oversight he faces in his neighbourhood. Nobody ever decided to look from his point of view and at the emotions he fe lt . The entire community went on with their lives either than acknowledging the fact , a man w ho hasn't come out in years. Nobody in community took courage and ask ed Arthur if he was ever okay? Everyone knew that Mr. Radley, Arthur's father, was an extreme Baptist and hated the idea of getting even the slightest happiness in this world. They also knew that he was a horrible person because when he died , Calpurnia said "There goes the meanest man ever God ever blew breath into" Although with th e fact Arthur was living in a home with someone as insane as Mr. Radley, they still didn't care about Arthur. After Mr. Radley's death, Arthur's old er brother Nathan came home and took his father position to take "care" of Arthur. Arthur's older brother Nathan was no better then his father. So how come in th is situation the person is different nobody in the neighbourhood still didn't take to tell Nathan that he wasn't treating his brother right? He isn't being a good guardian. There are rumours of Arthur being chained to a bed, who would ever do this to a person? Arthur once stabbed his father in the leg with a pair of scissors which made the children in the neighbourhood afraid of this 33-year-old man. Regardless of whether all statement are true or not, it is quite obvious that Arthur's mental health is not stable. As a young child, Ms. Maudie describes him to be a generous and same person , but when time flew by, he was not seen outside of his house and was thought to be this crazy lunatic. In such a case, it could be assumed that Arthur was mentally, emotionally or physically abused by his family, in my opinion it was entirely true which is no amazement because it was believed that even Mrs. Radley has lost her hair, most of her teeth and one of her finger after marrying Mr. Radley. If anybody could understand Arthur's point of view it would have to be Atticus because he is a lawyer and should clearly identify evidence of abuse. nevertheless , he decides to mind his own business just like the other in the neighbourhood. I feel like that Arthur has been forgotten by his neighbours and community. They all have major part of making him seem like a monster but not knowing what actually happened . Arthur is just a person who has been through a lot and is in extremely need of support, which the people in Maycomb do not give. The three kids, Scout, Jem and Dill were the only ones that wanted to try to make a change in Maycomb. They tried to give Arthur a note to come out and get help, but Atticus stopped them and told them not to bother him. How do they not realize that leaving Arthur alone through such a difficult time, is just tormenting him even more? The braveness of these children shows th e humanity they have in them because the rest of the community do not even have the slightest sense of civilization if they do not help Arthur soon. Arthur is an example and represent many of us and how some of us get ignored because of the discrimination that exist today. Just

Viscosity Lab Report Essay Example

Viscosity Lab Report Essay Example Viscosity Lab Report Paper Viscosity Lab Report Paper The distance at which the sphere was dropped from, could have affected the terminal velocity. By doing a reverse engineering calculation using the equation given in the lab sheet for Castro oil (0. 65 NSA/AMA ) , it appeared that the time needed to get this viscosity could reach to about 12 seconds. This was quite impossible in our experiment to be obtained. Accordingly, one possible justification for this problem could have been the liquid unknown type, which we assumed to be Castro. The experiment objective in principal was achieved and many new techniques were learned and developed. Finished completely. All the record result were fine but with some error percentage suitable to some different factors, one way is to rope the spheres just above the surface to reduce the increase in velocity, also the errors can be minimized by recording the timings precisely and increasing the number of repetition of the time recording to get an accurate average. Even though doing these methods to reduce the error percentage there will still be some minor errors. This experiment developed our way of thinking and knowledge, where this experiment is a minimized example for the velocity of different types of fluids in pipes due to its viscosity and the floating of liquids above water or under water due to its density.

Battle of Austerlitz in the Napoleonic Wars

Battle of Austerlitz in the Napoleonic Wars The Battle of Austerlitz was fought December 2, 1805, and was the deciding engagement of the War of the Third Coalition (1805) during the Napoleonic Wars (1803 to 1815). Having crushed an Austrian army at Ulm earlier that fall, Napoleon drove east and captured Vienna. Eager for battle, he pursued the Austrians northeast from their capital. Reinforced by the Russians, the Austrians gave battle near Austerlitz in early December. The resulting battle is often considered Napoleons finest victory and saw the combined Austro-Russian army driven from the field. In the wake of the battle, the Austrian Empire signed the Treaty of Pressburg and left the conflict. Armies Commanders France Napoleon65,000 to 75,000 men Russia Austria Tsar Alexander IEmperor Francis II73,000 to 85,000 men A New War Though fighting in Europe had ended with the Treaty of Amiens in March 1802, many of the signatories remained unhappy with its terms. Increasing tensions saw Britain declare war on France on May 18, 1803. This saw Napoleon revive plans for a cross-channel invasion and he began concentrating forces around Boulogne. Following the French execution of  Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien, in March 1804, many of the powers in Europe became increasingly concerned over French intentions. Later that year, Sweden signed an agreement with Britain opening the door to what would become the Third Coalition. Mounting a relentless diplomatic campaign, Prime Minister William Pitt concluded an alliance with Russia in early 1805. This came about despite British concern over Russias growing influence in the Baltic. A few months later, Britain and Russia were joined by Austria, which having been twice defeated by the French in recent years, sought to exact revenge. Napoleon Responds With threats emerging from Russia and Austria, Napoleon abandoned his ambitions to invade Britain during the summer of 1805  and turned to deal with these new adversaries. Moving with speed and efficiency, 200,000 French troops departed their camps near Boulogne and began crossing the Rhine along a 160-mile front on September 25. Responding to the threat, Austrian General Karl Mack concentrated his army at the fortress of Ulm in Bavaria. Conducting a brilliant campaign of maneuver, Napoleon swung north and descended on the Austrian rear. After winning a series of battles, Napoleon captured Mack and 23,000 men at Ulm on October 20. Though the victory was dampened by Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelsons triumph at Trafalgar the next day, the Ulm Campaign effectively opened the way to Vienna which fell to French forces in November. To the northeast, a Russian field army under General Mikhail Illarionovich Golenischev-Kutusov had gathered and absorbed many of the remaining Austrian units. Moving towards the enemy, Napoleon sought to bring them to battle before his lines of communication were severed or Prussia entered the conflict. Allied Plans On December 1, the Russian and Austrian leadership met to decide their next move. While Tsar Alexander I wished to attack the French, Austrian Emperor Francis II and Kutuzov preferred to take a more defensive approach. Under pressure from their senior commanders, it was finally decided that an attack would be made against the French right (southern) flank which would open a path to Vienna. Moving forward, they adopted a plan devised by Austrian Chief of Staff Franz von Weyrother which called for four columns to assault the French right. The Allied plan played directly into Napoleons hands. Anticipating that they would strike at his right, he thinned it to make it more alluring. Believing that this assault would weaken the Allied center, he planned on a massive counterattack in this area to shatter their lines, while Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davouts III Corps came up from Vienna to support the right. Positioning Marshal Jean Lanness V Corps near Santon Hill at the northern end of the line, Napoleon placed General Claude Legrands men at the southern end, with Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soults IV Corps in the center. Fighting Begins Around 8:00 AM on December 2, the first Allied columns began hitting the French right near the village of Telnitz. Taking the village, they threw the French back across Goldbach Stream. Regrouping, the French effort was reinvigorated by the arrival of Davouts corps. Moving to the attack, they recaptured Telnitz but were driven out by Allied cavalry. Further Allied attacks from the village were halted by French artillery. Slightly to the north, the next Allied column hit Sokolnitz and was repulsed by its defenders. Bringing in artillery, General Count Louis de Langà ©ron commenced a bombardment and his men succeeded in taking the village, while a third column assaulted the towns castle. Storming forward, the French managed to retake to the village but soon lost it again. Fighting around Sokolnitz continued to rage throughout the day. One Sharp Blow Around 8:45 AM, believing that the Allied center had been sufficiently weakened, Napoleon summoned Soult to discuss an attack on the enemy lines atop Pratzen Heights. Stating that One sharp blow and the war is over, he ordered the assault to move forward at 9:00 AM. Advancing through the morning fog, General Louis de Saint-Hilaires division attacked up the heights. Reinforced with elements from their second and fourth columns, the Allies met the French assault and mounted a fierce defense.  This initial French effort was thrown back after bitter fighting. Charging again, Saint-Hilaires men finally succeeded in capturing the heights at bayonet point. Fighting in the Center To their north, General Dominique Vandammes advanced his division against Starà © Vinohrady (Old Vineyards). Employing a variety of infantry tactics, the division shattered the defenders and claimed the area. Moving his command post to St. Anthonys Chapel on the Pratzen Heights, Napoleon ordered Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadottes I Corps into the battle on Vandammes left. As the battle raged, the Allies decided to strike Vandammes position with the Russian Imperial Guards cavalry. Storming forward, they had some success before Napoleon committed his own Heavy Guards cavalry to the fray. As the horsemen battled, General Jean-Baptiste Drouets division deployed on the flank of the fighting. In addition to providing refuge for the French cavalry, fire from his men and the Guards horse artillery forced the Russians to retreat from the area. In the North At the northern end of the battlefield, fighting began as Prince Liechtenstein led Allied cavalry against General Franà §ois Kellermanns light cavalry. Under heavy pressure, Kellermann fell back behind General  Marie-Franà §ois Auguste de Caffarellis division of Lannes corps which blocked the Austrian advance. After the arrival of two additional mounted divisions allowed the French to finish off the cavalry, Lannes moved forward against Prince Pyotr Bagrations Russian infantry. After engaging in a hard fight, Lannes forced the Russians to retreat from the battlefield. Completing the Triumph To complete the victory, Napoleon turned south where fighting was still raging around Telnitz and Sokolnitz. In an effort to drive the enemy from the field, he directed Saint-Hilaires division and part of Davouts corps to launch a two-pronged attack on Sokolnitz. Enveloping the Allied position, the assault crushed the defenders and forced them to retreat. As their lines began to collapse all along the front, Allied troops started to flee the field. In an attempt to slow the French pursuit General Michael von Kienmayer directed some of his cavalry to form a rearguard.  Mounting a desperate defense, they helped cover the Allied withdrawal. Aftermath One of Napoleons greatest victories, Austerlitz effectively ended the War of the Third Coalition. Two days later, with their territory overrun and their armies destroyed, Austria made peace through the Treaty of Pressburg. In addition to territorial concessions, the Austrians were required to pay a war indemnity of 40 million francs. The remains of the Russian army withdrew east, while Napoleons forces went into camp in southern Germany. Having taken much of Germany, Napoleon abolished the Holy Roman Empire and established the Confederation of the Rhine as a buffer state between France and Prussia. French losses at Austerlitz numbered 1,305 killed, 6,940 wounded, and 573 captured. Allied casualties were massive and included 15,000 killed and wounded, as well as 12,000 captured.

Business information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business information system - Essay Example have tried to define criteria of successful IT project. According to them successful IT projects must satisfy following specifications. 1-The project should comply with technical performance specification. 2- The project should deliver solution to problem statement. 3-High level of satisfaction should be achieved among various stakeholders such as management team of parent organization, people of client organization, users and last but not the least project management team. Many researchers (such as Rook in 1986, Selin in 1989, Weitz in 1989, Redmill in 1990 and Wallace in 1990) have pointed out that cost, time and user specification as success parameter for IT projects. Other researchers (such as Might and Fischer in 1985, Larson and Gobeli in 1989) have found that IT projects need to fulfill criterions such as cost, technical performance and time in order to get successful. Meanwhile Baker in the year 1983 argued that success criteria for IT projects should not be restricted to var iables such as timescale and cost. According to Baker successful IT projects need to focus on fulfilling technical specifications and client satisfaction instead of focusing only on timely completion and saving cost. To put an end to this argument research scholars (DeCotiis and Dyer in 1979, Morris and Hough in 1987, Turner in 1993) have specified following criterion for successful IT projects (Wateridge, 1996). 1-The project must fulfil the business purpose. 2-The project must provide benefits to owner. 3-The project should satisfy needs of stakeholders. 4-The project should meet predefined objectives. 5-The project should be completed within specified time period. 6-The project should not exceed allocated budget. 7-The project should satisfy needs of all the stakeholders. 3.0 Organizational Perspective Delivering successful IT project depends on following organizational perspectives. 3.1 Contextual Facet Exogenous factors play crucial role on deciding the outcome of implemented I T project. In 2002, Lipshitzet has pointed out environmental uncertainties such as change in management, bankruptcy, labour disruption and other contingency situations can halt the progress of IT project. 3.2 Policy Facet Many organizations change their business policy in accordance to demand of the situation. For example business unit planning to expand their business in foreign shore might need customized IT project in comparison to business unit planning to diversify product portfolio in domestic market. 3.3 Psychological Facet Psychological drive of employees and stakeholders plays crucial role deciding the dynamics of IT projects. For example after implementation of IT project managers need to provide training to employees in order to handle implemented system without facing difficulties. In this phase there are possibilities of failure such as employees refuse to learn new things, employees get de-motivated to participate in the project, idea coalition between project manager and employees and others. Ultimately acceptance of the IT project among employees decides the success criteria (Chan, Cooper, and Tzortzopoulos, 2005). 3.4 Cultural Facet Learning organization concept plays cordial role on decidi